Thursday, February 16, 2012

Types

Distortion

Fuzzed guitar

Power chords played "clean" and with fuzz

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"Clipping" an instrument's audio arresting produces distortion

Distortion furnishings actualize "warm", "gritty" and "fuzzy" sounds by "clipping" an instrument's audio signal, which distorts the appearance of its beachcomber anatomy and adds overtones. Baloney furnishings are sometimes alleged “gain” effects, as adulterated guitar sounds were aboriginal accomplished by accretion the electric ability accumulation (i.e. gain) to tube amplifiers.454647

Distortion and overdrive: Baloney and overdrive units re-shape or "clip" an audio signal's beachcomber anatomy so that it has bedfast peaks, creating "warm" sounds by abacus accord or "gritty" sounds by abacus cacophonic overtones. In tube amplifiers, baloney is created by burden the instrument's out-going electrical arresting in exhaustion tubes or "valves".4647 Baloney furnishings adapt from overdrive furnishings in that they aftermath almost the aforementioned bulk of baloney at any volume. Overdrive units, abundant like tube amps, aftermath “clean” sounds at quieter volumes and adulterated sounds at louder volumes.4849

Distortion and overdrive effects: Boss DS-1 Distortion, Ibanez Tube Screamer, Marshall ShredMaster, MXR Baloney +, Pro Co RAT.

Fuzz: A down pedal or “fuzzbox” is a blazon of overdrive pedal that clips a sound-wave until it is about a squarewave, consistent in a heavily adulterated or "fuzzy" sound.4750 Fuzzboxes aswell accommodate abundance multiplier chip to accomplish an even harsher accentuation by abacus circuitous harmonics.5152 The Rolling Stones’ "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" abundantly affected the use of down effects.26

Fuzz effects: Arbiter Down Face, Electro-Harmonix Big Muff, Shin-ei Companion FY-2, Univox Super-Fuzz, Vox Accent Bender, Z.Vex Down Factory.

edit Dynamics

Also alleged aggregate and amplitude effects, dynamics furnishings adapt the aggregate of an instrument. Dynamics furnishings were the aboriginal furnishings to be alien to guitarists.5

Boost/volume pedal: A addition or "clean boost" amplifies the aggregate of an apparatus by accretion the amplitude of its audio signal. These units are about acclimated for “boosting” aggregate during solos and preventing arresting accident in continued "effects chains". A guitarist switching from accent guitar to advance guitar may use a addition to access the aggregate of his or her solo.53

Volume effects: Electro-Harmonix LPB-1, Fender Aggregate Pedal, MXR Micro Amp.

Compressor: Compressors accomplish loud sounds quieter and quiet sounds louder by abbreviating or "compressing" the activating ambit of an audio signal.54 A compressor is generally acclimated to balance aggregate and bland a note’s "attack" by black its access and amplifying its sustain. A compressor can aswell action as a limiter with acute settings of its controls.55

Compressor effects: Keeley Compressor, MXR Dyna Comp.

Noise gate: Noise gates annihilate “hum”, “hiss” and “static” by abundantly abbreviating the aggregate of sounds that abatement beneath a set threshold. Noise gates are expanders, acceptation clashing compressors they access the activating ambit of an audio arresting in adjustment to accomplish quiet sounds even quieter.54 If acclimated with acute settings forth with reverb, they can actualize abnormal sounds, such as the gated boom aftereffect acclimated in 1980s pop songs, a appearance affected by the Phil Collins song "In the Air Tonight".5657

Noise aboideau effects: Boss NS-2 Noise Suppressor.

edit Filter

Peter Frampton's Allocution box

Filter furnishings adapt the abundance agreeable of an audio arresting that passes through them by either advocacy or abrasion specific frequencies or abundance regions.

Equalizer: An blaster is a set of beeline filters that strengthen ("boost") or abate ("cut") specific abundance regions. Stereos generally accept equalizers that acclimatize bass and treble.58 Audio engineers use awful adult equalizers to annihilate exceptionable sounds, accomplish an apparatus or articulation added prominent, and enhance accurate aspects of an instrument's tone.59

Equalizer effects: Boss GE-7 Equalizer.

Talk box: A allocution box directs the complete from a guitar or synthesizer into the aperture of a performer, acceptance him or her to appearance the complete into vowels and consonants. The adapted complete is again best up by a microphone. In this way the guitar is able to “talk”. Some acclaimed uses of the talkbox cover Bon Jovi’s “Living on a Prayer”, Stevie Wonder's “Black Man” and Peter Frampton's "Show Me the Way".6061

Talk boxes: Dunlop HT1 Heil Allocution Box, Rocktron Banshee.

Wah-wah: A wah-wah pedal creates vowel-like sounds by altering the abundance spectrum produced by an instrument—i.e. how loud it is at anniversary abstracted frequency—in what is accepted as a ashen coast or "sweep".62 The accessory is operated by a bottom treadle that opens and closes a potentiometer. Wah-wah pedals are generally acclimated by alarm and consciousness-expanding bedrock guitarists.63

Wah effects: Dunlop Cry Baby, Morley Ability Wah, Musitronics Mu-Tron III.

edit Modulation

Chorus effect

The choir aftereffect comes from an Electro-Harmonix Baby Clone

Flanging effect

A abbreviate sample followed by two flanging versions

Phaser effect

Unprocessed agency followed by a adapted phasing effects

Ring accentuation effect

Notice the bell-like sound

Tremolo effect

A low-frequency oscillator modulating a tremolo

Vibrato effect

A low-frequency oscillator modulating a vibrato

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Modulation furnishings amalgamate assorted audio signals in adjustment to actualize sounds with abnormal tonal properties. Some accentuation furnishings mix ("modulate") an instrument's audio arresting with a arresting generated by the aftereffect alleged a carrier wave.64 Added accentuation furnishings breach an instrument's audio arresting in two, altering one allocation of the arresting and bond it with the changeless portion.65

Chorus: Choir pedals actor the aftereffect choirs and cord orchestras aftermath by itself by bond sounds with slight differences in accentuation and pitch. A choir aftereffect splits the instrument-to-amplifier audio signal, abacus a slight adjournment and abundance variations or “vibrato” to allotment of the arresting while abrogation the blow unaltered.6566 A acclaimed acceptance of choir is the advance guitar in “Come As You Are” by Nirvana.55

Chorus effects: Boss CE-1 Choir Ensemble, Electro-Harmonix Baby Clone, TC Cyberbanking Stereo Chorus.

Flanger: A flanger creates a "jet plane" or "spaceship" sound, assuming a flat aftereffect produced by recording a clue on two synchronized tapes and periodically slowing one band by acute the bend of its reel (the “flange”). If the two tapes' audio signals are afterwards mixed, a adjust clarify aftereffect can be heard. Flanger units add a variably delayed adaptation of the audio arresting to the aboriginal or signal, creating a adjust clarify or Doppler effect.6768 Some acclaimed uses of flanger furnishings cover "Walking on the Moon" by The Police and "Barracuda" by Heart.6970

Flanger effects: Electro-Harmonix Electric Mistress, MXR Flanger.

Phaser: A phaser or "phase shifter" creates a slight bouncing effect—amplifying some aspects of the accent while abbreviating others—by agreeable an audio arresting in two and altering the appearance of one portion. Two acclaimed examples of phaser are keyboard locations on Billy Joel’s “Just the Way You Are” and Paul Simon's "Slip Slidin' Away".71

Phase about-face effects: Electro-Harmonix Baby Stone, MXR Appearance 90, Univox Uni-Vibe.

Ring modulator: A ring modulator produces a resonant, brownish complete by bond an instrument's audio arresting with a carrier beachcomber generated by the device's centralized oscillator. The aboriginal complete beachcomber is suppressed and replaced by a "ring" of cacophonic college and lower pitches or "sidebands".6472 A notable use of ring accentuation is the guitar in the Black Sabbath song "Paranoid".73

Ring modulator effects: moogerfooger MF-102 Ring Modulator.

Tremolo: A tremolo aftereffect produces a slight, accelerated aberration in the aggregate of a agenda or chord. The "tremolo effect” should not be abashed with the misleadingly-named "tremolo bar", a accessory on a guitar arch which allows the amateur to actualize a vibrato or “pitch-bending” effect. In transistorized effects, a tremolo is produced by bond an instrument's audio arresting with a sub-audible carrier beachcomber in such a way that generates amplitude variations in the complete wave.7475 The guitar addition in the Rolling Stones' "Gimme Shelter" appearance a tremolo effect.76

Tremolo effects: Demeter TRM-1 Tremulator, Fender Tremolux.

Vibrato: Vibrato furnishings aftermath slight, accelerated variations in pitch, artful the apportioned semitone variations produced by itself by opera singers and violinists if assiduity a individual note. Vibrato furnishings generally acquiesce the aerialist to ascendancy the amount of the aberration as able-bodied as the aberration in angle (e.g. “depth”). A vibrato with an acute "depth" ambience (e.g., bisected a semitone or more) will aftermath a dramatic, ululating sound. In transistorized effects, vibrato is produced by bond an instrument's audio arresting with a carrier beachcomber in such a way that generates abundance variations in the complete wave.75 Guitarists generally use the agreement "vibrato" and "tremolo" misleadingly. A alleged "vibrato unit" in a guitar amplifier in fact produces tremolo, while a "tremolo arm" or “whammy bar” on a guitar produces vibrato.7778 Vibrato effects: Boss VB-2 Vibrato.

edit Pitch/frequency

Pitch/frequency furnishings adapt angle by altering the abundance of a complete beachcomber or abacus new harmonies.

Pitch shifter and harmonizer: A angle shifter raises or lowers (e.g. "transposes") anniversary agenda a aerialist plays by a pre-set interval. For example, a angle shifter set to access the angle by a fourth will accession anniversary agenda four diatonic intervals aloft the addendum in fact played. Simple angle shifters accession or lower the angle by one or two octaves, while added adult accessories action a ambit of breach alterations.

A harmonizer is a blazon of angle shifter that combines the adapted angle with the aboriginal angle to actualize a two or added agenda harmony. Some hamonizers are able to actualize chorus-like furnishings by abacus actual tiny accouterment in pitch.79

Pitch about-face effects: DigiTech Whammy, Electro-Harmonix POG.

edit Time-based

Time-based furnishings adjournment the complete arresting or adds echos.

Folded band bounce reverberation

Delay effect

A canal afore and afterwards delay

Reverberation effect

Reverb with more best adulteration times

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Delay/echo: Delay/echo units aftermath an answer aftereffect by abacus a alike instrument-to-amplifier electrical arresting to the aboriginal arresting at a slight time-delay. The aftereffect can either be a individual answer alleged a “slap” or “slapback,” or assorted echos. A acclaimed use of adjournment is the advance guitar in the U2 song "Where the Streets Accept No Name".80

Delay effects: Boss DD-3 Agenda Delay, Electro-Harmonix Deluxe Anamnesis Man, Band 6 DL4, Roland RE-201.

Looper pedal: A looper pedal or "phrase looper" allows a aerialist to almanac and afterwards epitomize a byword or access from a song. Loops can be created on the atom during a achievement or they can be pre-recorded. Some units acquiesce a aerialist to band assorted loops. The aboriginal bend furnishings were created with reel-to-reel band application a band loop. High-end bazaar band bend furnishings are still acclimated by some studios who wish a best sound. Agenda bend furnishings charm this aftereffect application an cyberbanking memory.81

Looper effects: Boss RC-30 Bend Station.

Reverb: Reverb units simulate sounds produced in an answer alcove by creating a ample amount of echoes that gradually achromatize or "decay". A bowl reverb arrangement uses an electromechanical transducer to actualize accordance in a bowl of metal. Bounce reverb systems, which are generally acclimated in guitar amplifiers, use a transducer to actualize accordance in a spring. Agenda reverb furnishings use assorted arresting processing algorithms to actualize the reverb effect, generally by application assorted acknowledgment adjournment circuits. Rockabilly and cream guitar are two genres that accomplish abundant use of reverb.82

Reverb effects: Electro-Harmonix Holy Grail, Fender Reverb Unit.

edit Feedback/sustain

An EBow

Audio acknowledgment as a adapted guitar aftereffect has been pioneered by guitarists such as Jimi Hendrix. It is generated by arena an apparatus anon in foreground of an amplifier set to a top aggregate axis the accent into a acknowledgment accent with absolute sustain. Typically, these acknowledgment tones about-face bound from basal addendum into overtones. It can be difficult to get acknowledgment conditions, because it depends on the complete aggregate and on the position of the guitar about to the loudspeaker8384

The EBow, a handheld pickup/string driver, uses two baby coils. One braid has a abiding magnet. It picks up the cord beating agnate to a guitar pickup. The electrical arresting is amplified for active the additional braid which acts as a alluring cord disciplinarian to beat the string. By this acknowledgment bend a bow-like always abiding complete is generated. The EBow can drive one cord at the aforementioned time. Latest EBow models accommodate a approach about-face which allows the amateur to change from basal agenda to overtones acknowledgment sustain 63.

Other alluring cord drivers use the guitar auto arresting as input. Guitar congenital accessories such as the Sustainiac Sustainer and the Fernandes Sustainer actualize acknowledgment sustain with a cord disciplinarian army in the guitar.

Many compressor pedals are generally aswell marketed as "sustainer pedals". As a agenda is sustained, it loses activity and aggregate due to abbreviating beating in the string. The compressor pedal boosts its electrical arresting to the defined activating range, hardly assiduity the continuance of the note.85

edit Added effects

Envelope follower: An envelope addict activates an aftereffect already a appointed aggregate is reached. One aftereffect that uses an envelope addict is the "auto-wah", which produces a "wah" aftereffect depending on how loud or bendable the addendum are getting played.8687

Guitar amplifier modeling: Amplifier clay is a agenda aftereffect that replicates the complete of assorted amplifiers, a lot of generally analog “tube” amps. Adult clay furnishings can simulate apostle cabinets and miking techniques. A rotary apostle actor mimics the doppler complete of a best Leslie apostle arrangement by replicating its aggregate and angle modulations, overdrive accommodation and appearance shifts.88

Pitch correction/vocal effects: Angle alteration furnishings use signal-processing algorithms to re-tune adulterated accentuation in a vocalist's performance.89

Simulators: Simulators accredit electric guitars to actor the complete of added instruments such as acoustic guitar, electric bass and sitar. Aces up simulators acclimated on guitars with single-coil aces ups carbon the complete of guitars with humbucker aces ups, or vice-versa. A de-fretter is a bass guitar aftereffect that simulates the complete of a fretless bass. The aftereffect uses an envelope-controlled clarify and voltage-controlled amplifier to “soften” a note's advance both in aggregate and timbre.90

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